高压下激波波阵面温升的计算

针对高压气体管路中的激波现象,建立了激波波阵面温升的计算模型,模型中考虑了高压气体中声速的变化对激波波阵面温升的影响．     

分段履带式水陆两栖车减阻增速试验及数值仿真

为了研究分段履带式水陆两栖车的水动力性能,实现减阻增速,将尾翼板安装到水陆两栖车的方艉部,并开展了水池试验和仿真研究,两者的研究结果具有较好的一致性。通过仿真研究了车体的纵向重心位置、尾翼板的长度和角度对水陆两栖车阻力性能的影响,并分析了阻力成分的变化趋势。研究结果表明:车体纵向重心位置在540～560 mm 时,车体所受水阻力最小;在速度为3～5 m/s时,长度为156 mm,与水平面夹角为10°的尾翼板减阻效果最明显,相比于原裸车体的阻力,减阻率达到34.3%;加装尾翼板可以增加车体的尾部中空区长度,相当于增加了水线长,增大了长宽比。该研究表明:适当调节重心位置和优化尾翼板参数,可以有效实现水陆两栖车的减阻增速。     

尾流模拟火箭弹空中弹道对模拟尾流生成区域的影响

为了研究尾流模拟火箭弹的空中弹道特性对模拟尾流区域的影响，建立火箭弹质点外弹道模型、阻力板和发动机空间运动微分方程以及连接绳的受力模型，得到火箭弹无控飞行、空中转向、空中分离至爆索展开入水全过程的空间运动微分方程。对尾流模拟火箭弹全程弹道进行仿真分析，着重分析不同初始射击诸元对爆索空中弹道的影响，探究初始发射角、脉冲发动机的喷管数量、点火时间以及火箭弹空中分离时间对模拟尾流生成区域的影响。仿真结果表明：初始发射角为15°时火箭弹射程和最大射高相对比较合理；火箭弹空中转向角度依赖于脉冲发动机总冲量，与点火时刻无关；空中分离时刻对爆索入水发泡区域影响不太明显，在满足转向要求和发泡区域要求的情况下应该尽早完成空中转向和分离。     

Schedule design for liner services under vessel speed reduction incentive programs

Gas and particulate emissions from ship transportation have been increasing in recent years. In order to mitigate ship emissions near coastal areas, voluntary vessel speed reduction incentive programs (VSRIPs) were put in place by a number of ports. This paper studies a schedule design problem faced by liner shipping companies under VSRIPs. It proposes a mixed-integer nonlinear mathematical model for the minimization of the total cost, consisting of fuel cost, as well as operating cost, minus dockage refunds. The model balances three determinants, that is, the compliance of VSRIPs, the speed limit (the maximum physical speed of ships and the upper speed limit imposed by VSRIPs), and the limited number of ships. An enumerative algorithm and a piecewise-linear approximation algorithm are developed, based on some properties of the nonlinear model. The efficiency of the proposed algorithms is validated through extensive computational experiments.     

坦克底盘角振动对火炮射击精度影响机理研究

实车试验表明,在行进间射击试验时,当车辆超过一定车速(行进间射击车速)时,射击精度或射击命中率会发生大幅度的下降。针对这个问题,建立了坦克底盘角振动导致的射击偏差的数学模型;并结合实车试验数据,对射击延迟时间内底盘角振动造成的火炮射击偏差进行了全面分析。分析研究表明:在相同的行驶车速条件下,车辆底盘角速度、姿态角变化量随着射击延迟时间的增大而增大;在相同的射击延迟时间内,车辆底盘角速度、姿态角变化量与射角偏差随着行驶车速的增大而增大;其中射角偏差引起的目标距离偏差是弹丸横向速度导致的目标距离偏差的3倍~5倍。因此,随着行驶车速增加而增加的射角偏差增大是行进间射击车速受限的主要原因。     

利用声光衍射测定甘草稀溶液中超声波的波长与浓度的关系

利用声光衍射测量甘草稀溶液中超声波的波速与浓度的关系，通过对实验原理和数据的分析，挖掘出了较多的数据关联，对干草稀溶液物理特性的声光衍射实验测量，是本文的一个新的尝试。     

高双折射光子晶体光纤用于温度传感的研究

文中分析了高双折射光子晶体光纤用于温度传感的应用。在高双折射光子晶体光纤的特定空气孔中填充折射率温度系数高的液体材料,温度的变化会导致光纤传输特性的变化,通过检测其双折射的变化从而实现温度传感。文中运用平面波扩展法计算分析了该新型光子晶体光纤的双折射特性随温度变化的关系。     

美军陆航信息化能力建设之启示

陆航作为地面垂直力量的重要标志,是新时期军事变革的关键领域。美军以体制编制改革、主战平台建设为抓手,从机动作战、发现作战、打击作战、作战指挥、防护作战、保障作战等能力建设入手,迈出向目标部队转换的步伐,走在国际前沿。通过梳理美陆航在战略转型、平台规划、能力建设中的特点,从高速平台、无人平台、有人无人协同技术等方面对我新军事变革下陆航发展提供决策支撑。     

Expansion planning for waste‐to‐energy systems using waste forecast prediction sets

We consider an expansion planning problem for Waste‐to‐Energy (WtE) systems facing uncertainty in future waste supplies. The WtE expansion plans are regarded as strategic, long term decisions, while the waste distribution and treatment are medium to short term operational decisions which can adapt to the actual waste collected. We propose a prediction set uncertainty model which integrates a set of waste generation forecasts and is constructed based on user‐specified levels of forecasting errors. Next, we use the prediction sets for WtE expansion scenario analysis. More specifically, for a given WtE expansion plan, the guaranteed net present value (NPV) is evaluated by computing an extreme value forecast trajectory of future waste generation from the prediction set that minimizes the maximum NPV of the WtE project. This problem is essentially a multiple stage min‐max dynamic optimization problem. By exploiting the structure of the WtE problem, we show this is equivalent to a simpler min‐max optimization problem, which can be further transformed into a single mixed‐integer linear program. Furthermore, we extend the model to optimize the guaranteed NPV by searching over the set of all feasible expansion scenarios, and show that this can be solved by an exact cutting plane approach. We also propose a heuristic based on a constant proportion distribution rule for the WtE expansion optimization model, which reduces the problem into a moderate size mixed‐integer program. Finally, our computational studies demonstrate that our proposed expansion model solutions are very stable and competitive in performance compared to scenario tree approaches. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 47–70, 2016     

接近速度和放电电压对空气式静电放电参数的影响

对影响空气式静电放电的一个重要因素——电弧结构进行了理论分析。在此基础上，利用新研制成功的静电放电模拟测试系统，分析了接近速度和放电电压对静电放电电流峰值、上升时间以及感应电压峰-峰值的影响。试验得出，在放电电压一定的情况下，放电电流峰值和感应电压峰-峰值随接近速度的增大而增大；上升时间随接近速度的增大而减小。这些试验结果为建立静电放电抗扰度试验新方法提供了依据。